Inverness Castle as viewed from the west across the River Ness.
Huangmei opera performance in Shanghai, featuring two female performers From Wikipedia
Sé Catedral de Santa Catarina, known as Se Cathedral, is the cathedral of the Latin Rite Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman and the seat of the Patriarch of the East Indies. It is part of the World Heritage Site, Churches and convents of Goa located in Old Goa, India. The Se Cathedral was built to commemorate the victory of the Portuguese under Afonso de Albuquerque over a Muslim army, leading to the capture of the city of Goa in 1510. Since the day of the victory happened to be on the feast of Saint Catherine, the cathedral was dedicated to her. It was commissioned by Governor George Cabral to be enlarged in 1552 on the remains of an earlier structure. Construction of the church began in 1562 in the reign of King Dom Sebastião The cathedral was completed in 1619 and was consecrated. in 1640. It had two towers, but one collapsed in 1776 and was never rebuilt. In 1953, the Cathedral was presented with "The Golden Rose" by Venerable Pope Pius XII.
This mausoleum was constructed over 38 years, from 246 to 208 BC, and is situated underneath a 76-meter-tall tomb mound shaped like a truncated pyramid.From Wikipedia
Along the River During the Qingming Festival
The Along the River During the Qingming Festival is a famous Chinese painting by the Northern Song painter Zhang Zeduan, the scroll is about 24.8cm high and 528cm long, depicting the bustling scene inside and outside the city gates and on both sides of the Bian River, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. There are about 814 people, 60 livestock, 28 boats, 30 houses, 20 carts, 8 sedan chairs and 170 trees in the painting, and the activities of the characters are lifelike and episodic, making it a world-famous realist painting of customs.
The Potala Palace is a dzong fortress in the Lhasa, Tibet, China. From Wikipedia
The Along the River During the Qingming Festival is a famous Chinese painting by the Northern Song painter Zhang Zeduan, the scroll is about 24.8cm high and 528cm long, depicting the bustling scene inside and outside the city gates and on both sides of the Bian River, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. There are about 814 people, 60 livestock, 28 boats, 30 houses, 20 carts, 8 sedan chairs and 170 trees in the painting, and the activities of the characters are lifelike and episodic, making it a world-famous realist painting of customs. And Along the River During the Qingming Festival is an outstanding work of ancient Chinese genre painting. Painted on silk in a long scroll, it uses a scattered perspective composition to vividly record the urban landscape of Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), the capital of China during the Northern Song Dynasty, and the living conditions of people from all walks of life at that time and is a testimony to the prosperity of Bianjing at that time.
The Buddhas of Bamiyan are two standing Buddha statues that once sat on the cliffs of the Bamiyan Valley in Afghanistan. They were built in the sixth century AD and carved from red sandstone. They are classic works of Greek Buddhist art. However, two of the giant standing Buddha statues were bombed by the Taliban in 2001. ICOMOS began to protect the Bamiyan Buddha statue in Afghanistan in 2003. In the autumn of 2006, the University of Aachen in Germany cooperated with the Vienna University of Technology to use a 3D laser measurement system and a digital camera to survey the niches of the Bamiyan Buddha and the surrounding cave structures. An accurate, realistic 3D model of this heavily damaged niche was obtained. Subsequently, the researchers used historical documents and pictures to create a virtual 3D model to restore the Buddha of Bamiyan. Based on this virtual model, researchers are expected to reconstruct part or the entire Buddha statue in the future. In 2015, a couple of adventurers from China used 3D laser projection technology to reproduce the Buddha statue on the original site and presented the whole set of light and shadow equipment to the local government. In 2021, on the 20th anniversary of the bombing of the Bamiyan Buddha, the local people once again used 3D projection to reproduce the Buddha statue on the original site.
Located in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, China, the Mogao Caves are the world's largest and richest surviving Buddhist shrine, with 735 caves, renowned for their exquisite murals and statues. The integrity of the Mogao Caves and Dunhuang art has been greatly compromised by poor excavation and conservation. Also because of the potentially irreversible damage to the artwork, especially the colours of the murals, caused by the carbon dioxide exhaled by humans, the management began to limit the number of visitors to the Mogao Caves. In order to showcase these precious works of art to the world, they have undertaken a comprehensive digital capture, processing and storage of the artworks in the caves, taking into account their characteristics. At present, photographic capture of 120 caves, image processing of 40 caves, panoramic roaming of 120 caves and 3D reconstruction of 20 painted sculptures have been completed.
Culture,Immovable Culture Heritage,Tourism
The Royal and Ancient Clubhouse is a historic building located in St Andrews that serves as the headquarters of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (R&A). The foundation stone for the building was laid on the 13th of July 1853 by R&A member John Whyte Melville, and the building was completed 11 months later in 1854. The clubhouse overlooks the 1st tee and the 18th green of the iconic Old Course at St Andrews. The famous balcony near the top of the building is the site of the infamous past Open Champions gathering event that occurs when the Open Championship is hosted by St Andrews. For many years, the R&A clubhouse has been an iconic structure for the game of golf and it will continue to be revered by golfers for many years to come.
Pavilion of Surging Waves of Classical Gardens of Suzhou
This Chinese shadow puppet is illustrative of the ornate detail that goes into the figures.
Four of America's most significant presidents - George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt, and Thomas Jefferson – stand prominently in the Black Hills of South Dakota. The Lakota Sioux, a tribe native to the area, believed the Black Hills, where Mount Rushmore was built, to be holy, and they still do. The monument, which was developed by a South Dakota historian to include the faces of both Native American and western pioneer heroes, irrevocably transformed the landscape. [1] Mount Rushmore was scanned with a laser in May of 2010. This virtual experience was made possible by 3D data collected at Mt. Rushmore as part of a cooperation between CyArk, a non-profit devoted to digitally conserving the world's cultural monuments, Historic Environment Scotland, the Glasgow School of Art, and the US National Park Service. For several weeks, experienced capture teams scanned and photographed Mt. Rushmore and most of the surrounding park, either from the ground or hung from ropes—it was an endeavour that, at least in its intricacy, mimicked the original sculpting process. The project aimed to establish the understanding about how the mountain was sculpted, the 3D model was paired with an interview with Blaine Kourtemayer, Assistant Chief of Interpretation. Using the data gathered on the field, CyArk made resources available on a dedicated section in their website. The Website contains, EXIHBIT section which has all the information explaining the legacy, Historic context of Mount Rushmore. Exhibit section has the very vital information on preservation of the sculptures. Along with how the digitalization of the park is done. CyArk compiled a well structured digital guided tour of the park and Unstructured virtual tour of park. Most intriguing part of the project is the 3D Model of the park, which is highly detailed and these models are made available on the website with complete freedom of exploration on all the direction and scale.
Hazelius, A.I. (1881): Det inre af en badstuga.
A depiction of the inside of a Finnish "bath-hut" by Hazelius, A.I. in 1881.
The Petäjävesi Old Church is a Lutheran log church built between 1763 and 1765. It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994 for exemplifying traditional wooden church architecture of the Nordic countries. The church is located on a peninsula at Lake Solikkojärvi in central Finland. According to UNESCO, the construction of the church was led by local master builder Jaakko Leppänen, after which it was taken care of and improved by relatives such as the grandson Erkki Leppänen in 1821. About the church’s characteristics UNESCO writes that it is “representative of the architectural tradition of wooden churches in northern Europe”. What adds to the uniqueness of the church is the masterful appliance of traditional log construction techniques of the local peasantry. Today the church is a popular tourist destination as well as a functional Lutheran church in the summer.
Suomenlinna is a sea fortress off the coast of Helsinki, Finland. Building of the fortress first began in 1748 when Finland was under Swedish rule. Its purpose was to strengthen Sweden’s defences in the Baltic Sea after Sweden had suffered areal losses to the Russian Empire in years prior. The long history of Suomenlinna can be divided into three distinct eras. Between 1748 and 1808 both Finland and the fortress were under Swedish rule. In 1808, however, Sweden lost the fortress to the Russian Empire in the Russo-Swedish war. Between 1808 and 1918 Finland and the fortress were therefore occupied and ruled by the Russian Imperial Government. During the Russian era Suomenlinna was poorly taken care of due to lack of funding but the fortress continued to serve as a strategic location in the defence of its new masters. With the Russian Revolution and Finland’s independence efforts taking place in 1917, Suomenlinna entered its third era to date as the newly founded Finnish Government took over Suomenlinna in 1918. Today, Suomenlinna is an important historical site, popular tourist destination, and has been on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List since 1991. Modern Suomenlinna is also the home to around 800 permanent residents.
Yellowstone National Park is a nearly 3,500-sq.-mile wilderness recreation area atop a volcanic hot spot. Mostly in Wyoming, the park spreads into parts of Montana and Idaho too. Yellowstone features dramatic canyons, alpine rivers, lush forests, hot springs and gushing geysers, including its most famous, Old Faithful. It's also home to hundreds of animal species, including bears, wolves, bison, elk and antelope.
Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially the Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular. While it represents many types of biomes, the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion. While Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years, aside from visits by mountain men during the early-to-mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. Management and control of the park originally fell under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of the Interior, the first Secretary of the Interior to supervise the park being Columbus Delano. However, the U.S. Army was eventually commissioned to oversee management of Yellowstone for a 30-year period between 1886 and 1916. In 1917, administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than a thousand archaeological sites. Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 sq mi (8,983 km2), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers, and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest supervolcano on the continent. The caldera is considered a dormant volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years. Well over half of the world's geysers and hydrothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the land area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly-intact ecosystem in the Earth's northern temperate zone. In 1978, Yellowstone was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Aerial photo of Kustaanmiekka from the south
Aerial photo of the southern end of the Suomenlinna Sea Fortress.
Gunung Leuser National Park is a national park covering 7,927 km² in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, straddling the border of North Sumatra provinces, a fourth portion and three-fourths portion, respectively.
Gunung Leuser National Park is a national park covering 7,927 km2 in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, straddling the border of North Sumatra provinces, a fourth portion and three-fourths portion, respectively. The national park, settled in the Barisan mountain range, is named after Mount Leuser (3,119 m), and protects a wide range of ecosystems. An orangutan sanctuary at Bukit Lawang is located within the park. Together with Bukit Barisan Selatan and Kerinci Seblat National Parks, it forms a World Heritage Site, the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra.
Virunga National Park is a national park in the Albertine Rift Valley in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was created in 1925. In elevation, it ranges from 680 m in the Semliki River valley to 5,109 m in the Rwenzori Mountains.
Blue and White Porcelain meaning blue flowers in Chinese, is one of the most famous porcelain in China. It was first founded in the Tang dynasty, its technology came to maturity in the Yuan dynasty and reach its peak in the Qing dynasty. Blue and White Porcelain not only loved by Chinese people but also were popular in the world. In ancient times, Blue and White Porcelain was exported to many countries, stunning the world with its high quality and exotic aesthetics. Many countries imitated it to create their own porcelain, and in ancient Europe, it was equivalent to gold and be collected as artwork. Blue and White Porcelain had its influence on the whole world thus needed to be promoted and persevered.
Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris sur l'Île de la Cité à Paris, France.
This is an image of a girl dancing in the Indian Classical Dance form Bharatanatyam
Immovable Culture Heritage,Movable Cultural Heritage
This is a picture taken by a user on their Nokia phone in 2007
The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City and is located on the west side of Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, between 33rd Street to the south and 34th Street to the north. The building was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and built from 1930 to 1931. Its name is derived from "Empire State", the nickname of the state of New York. The building has a roof height of 1,250 feet (380 m) and stands a total of 1,454 feet (443.2 m) tall, including its antenna. Bethlehem Engineering Corporation originally intended to build a 25-story office building on the Waldorf–Astoria site. The company's president paid $100,000 of the $1 million down payment required to start construction on the building was then unable to secure additional funding. Hence, the land was resold to Empire State Inc. The company announced the construction of an 80-story building on the site, to be taller than any other buildings in existence to the public in August 1929. The Empire State Building officially opened on May 1, 1931, forty-five days ahead of its projected opening date, and eighteen months from the start of construction.
This file has been extracted from another file: Empire State Building, New York, NY.jpg
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the U.S. city of San Francisco, California—the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula—to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. Before the bridge was built, the only practical short route between San Francisco and what is now Marin County was by boat across a section of San Francisco Bay hence many wanted to build a bridge to connect San Francisco to Marin County. Although San Francisco was the largest American city still served primarily by ferry boats. Because it did not have a permanent link with communities around the bay, the city's growth rate was below the national average. Back then, experts said that ferocious winds and blinding fogs would prevent construction and operation. As a result, the proposal of the construction of the bridge was not made until 1916. Today, the bridge is the biggest attraction and landmark in the city of San Francisco.
This is the picture of the Golden Gate Bridge, taken at vista point in San Francisco.
The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were built from as early as the 7th century BC, with selective stretches later joined together by Qin Shi Huang (220–206 BC). Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. The frontier walls built by different dynasties have multiple courses. Collectively, they stretch from Liaodong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, from the present-day Sino–Russian border in the north to Tao River (Taohe) in the south; along an arc that roughly delineates the edge of the Mongolian steppe. Today, the defensive system of the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history.
Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide (1.6 km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the U.S. city of San Francisco, California—the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula—to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. Before the bridge was built, the only practical short route between San Francisco and what is now Marin County was by boat across a section of San Francisco Bay hence many wanted to build a bridge to connect San Francisco to Marin County. However, many experts said that the ferocious winds and blinding fogs would prevent construction and operation. Eventually, the proposal of construction of the bridge was made in a 1916 San Francisco Bulletin article by former engineering student James Wilkins. Eventually, the bridge was completed in May 27th, 1937 and has become of the biggest attractions and landmark of San Francisco.
The temple was built in 1665 during the Koxinga dynasty (Ming dynasty). In 1685, soon after the Taiwan was annexed by the Qing dynasty, the first Taiwan Regional Chief Administrator Chou Chang and Taiwan Prefecture Magistrate Chiang Yu-ying began their efforts to have the temple renovated and reconstructed into Taiwan Prefecture Academy. Since then, the compound has been renovated and expanded several times. After 1895, Taiwan was under Japanese rule, the temple was once again used as a public school and military barracks and was considerably damaged. The temple has been renovated several times over the past 300 years, most recently between 1987 and 1989, during the time of Republic of China (Taiwan). Today the temple serves as a popular tourist attraction and also preserves ancient Confucian ceremonies, which are conducted on a regular basis. The temple also includes storerooms for the ritual implements and musical instruments that are used in these ceremonies.
Inaugurated in 1973, The Sydney Opera House is Australia's most famous building and one of the Worlds most famous sites. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2007. It is an icon of 20th century architecture and is a stunning sculpture set amongst a fantastic waterscape. As a daring experiment in architecture when building began in 1958 its influence on design and architecture since is unparalleled. It is a functional performing arts centre hosting 1600 performances a year and privy to eight million visitors annually. It is a marvel of engineering at the time and featured one of the first uses of computers to perform structural analysis however the project was completed 10 years late and 1357% over budget. It stands from completion as a key feature of the Sydney Harbour Skyline and one of the most recognisable buildings in the world. Its shape is synonymous with Australia and features as one of its most significant tourism draws.
Helsinki Cathedral viewed from Senate Square
Phulkari word consists of 2 words “Phul” and “Kari” which means flower and works respectively in the region of Punjab, India. It started in the 15th century by the women of Punjab and is known as the folk embroidery of rural Punjab. The embroidery is generally very bright and colorful which brings colors to the lives of people. Even though phulkari means flower work, the embroidery doesn't only limit to flowers but also includes geometric shapes and motifs. Earlier this type of embroidery is only restricted to shawls and odhani but nowadays this is done on large-scale canvases such as sarees and churidar kameez. In preventing the Phulkari embroidery, digital media plays a crucial role as one can learn how to do such embroidery from different tutorials online posted on platforms like Youtube and Facebook. Also, by making Instagram and TikTok reels on such a beautiful handicraft, content creators can educate their audience about the culture and the beauty that resides in this handmade embroidery culture. Also, there are some websites that offer online courses to learn such embroidery techniques. One can read articles and books on the internet. For people who want to buy such stuff, many retailers are now selling it on online platforms either by making their own website or on some other’s portal.
The Amphitheatre of El Jem was built in 238 AD and is located in the town of El Djem in Tunisia. At the time it was built, El Djem was known as Thysdrus, which was a Roman province. It was built for spectator events, and is one of the biggest amphitheatres in the world, as well as one of the best preserved Roman ruins. In terms of size, it spans 148 metres by 122 metres and was estimated to accomodate around 35,000 spectators. During the Middle Ages, Thysdrus was attacked by the Vandals in 430 AD and by Arabs in 647 AD, and the amphitheatre was used as a fortress for shelter by the population. Around the end of the 18th to the 19th century, the amphitheatre was believed to have been used for the manufacture of saltpeter, and at the end of the 19th century, the amphitheatre was used for shops, shelter and grain storage.
The Jinding, elevation 3,077 metres (10,095 ft), is the main peak of Mount Emei, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sichuan, China. It is also a common name for the Buddhist Huazang Temple built on the summit. Jinding is the highest Buddhist temple in traditionally Han areas of China and it is known for its "four wonders": the sunrise, the sea of clouds, the "Buddhist halo", and the "divine light". Jinding was originally built in 1377 during the Ming dynasty, but has been rebuilt multiple times because of fire. The most recent incident happened in 1972, when the temple was used for transmitting signals of a local television station. Flames caused by a power generator quickly engulfed the wooden temple. The fire burned for two days, destroying countless precious Buddhist relics as well as numerous trees. The only remaining relics are a bronze monument and a bronze doorway from the Ming dynasty, and a bronze statue from the Qing dynasty. In 2004, as part of the Jinding "Revival and Renovation Plan" by the Mt. Emei Buddhist Association, the Huazang Temple was rebuilt along with a 48-meter-tall stupa of the "Ten-faced Puxian Bodhisattva" (Samantabhadra). The rebuilt temple was officially opened on 18 June 2006. 300 notable Buddhist monks attended the grand ceremony, as well as 3,000 visitors.
The Dujiangyan is an ancient irrigation system in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan, China. Originally constructed around 256 BC by the State of Qin as an irrigation and flood control project, it is still in use today. The system's infrastructure develops on the Min River (Minjiang), the longest tributary of the Yangtze. The area is in the west part of the Chengdu Plain, between the Sichuan Basin and the Tibetan Plateau. Originally, the Min would rush down from the Min Mountains and slow down abruptly after reaching the Chengdu Plain, filling the watercourse with silt, thus making the nearby areas extremely prone to floods. King Zhao of Qin commissioned the project, and the construction of the Dujiangyan harnessed the river using a new method of channeling and dividing the water rather than simply damming it. The water management scheme is still in use today to irrigate over 5,300 km2 (2,000 sq mi) of land in the region. The Dujiangyan, the Zhengguo Canal in Shaanxi and the Lingqu Canal in Guangxi are collectively known as the "three great hydraulic engineering projects of the Qin."
The Red Cloud Golden Peak of the mount fanjinshan
Mount Fanjing, is located in Tongren, Guizhou province, is the highest peak of the Wuling Mountains in southeastern China, at an elevation of 2,570 m (8,430 ft). The Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve was established in 1978 and designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1986. It is a sacred mountain in Chinese Buddhism, considered to be the bodhimaṇḍa of the Maitreya Buddha. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018. Its high mountainous terrain and the sheer size of the mountain have created unique vertical climatic features and plant and animal distribution zones, preserving one of the world's few subtropical native ecosystems and relics of ancient and rare species dating from 70 to 2 million years ago. According to scientific data, there are 2,601 species of organisms in Fanjing Mountain, including 1,800 species of plants, in which 17 types of plants are rare plants; 801 species of animals, in which 19 species of animals are rare ones, accounting for 68% of the total number of protected animals in Guizhou province. The "national treasures" of Fanjing Mountain include the Qianjin snub-nosed monkeys and dove trees, which are the most representative. The Qianjin snub-nosed monkey is endemic to Fanjing Mountain, and its population is even smaller than that of the panda, making it the "Only Child of The World". The dove is an ancient plant from the age of dinosaurs and was once widely distributed in the northern temperate zone, but due to geological and climatic changes it has almost disappeared from the earth. However, in the late spring and early summer, the beautiful dove flowers open in droves, resembling flocks of white cranes flying through the forest. This ancient plant, endemic to China, has been named by foreigners as the 'Chinese dove flower', the 'most beautiful flower of the northern temperate zone', and has been transplanted to Europe as a valuable ornamental plant. As a relatively complete species "gene pool", Fanjingshan attracted great attention from Chinese and foreign scientists as early as the 1930s and 1940s. In 1978, Fanjingshan was officially designated as a Guizhou Provincial Nature Reserve, and in 1986, it was upgraded to a National Key Nature Reserve, and in the same year, it was accepted by UNESCO as a member of the international Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB).
360 Virtual Tour of Gorham's Cave Viewing Platform
A 360 tour taken from Gorham's Cave's Viewing Platform. The platform was created to allow visitors to view the entrances of Gorham's Cave Complex from the mainland, and to provide information on the heritage site. Gorham's Cave Complex is a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to the evidence that it has provided on the cultural traditions of the Neanderthals, which occupied the site for over 100,000 years. Accompanying photographs of points of interest can be seen through Google Drive due to RoundMe server issues.
The building complex of the Paiyun dian was built in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and used to repay great gratitude. The entire scenic area covers an area of about 8,000 square meters. Centered on the Cloud Paiyun Temple, it consists of Paiyun Gate, Yuhua Hall, Yunjin Hall, Ergongmen, Fanghui Hall, Zixiao Hall, Cloud Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall and other connected buildings. It is composed of the veranda and supporting rooms of the palace. In 1860 the complex was burned down by the British and French forces. In 1886, it was rebuilt by Cixi, and the lower part of the Yanshou Temple was changed to the building complex of the Paiyun Temple where the birthday ceremony was held. There are many birthday gifts presented by princes and ministers when Cixi celebrated her birthday.
Culture,Immovable Culture Heritage,Intangible Heritage
Calypso music is a genre in which communicates and revolves around social commentary. Calypso was developed by West African slaves who were brought to the Caribbean in the eighteenth century. Original tradition would have a local bard telling stories through song, and offering social commentary through praise, satire or lament (BBC, 2017). Trinidad playing host to carnivals - and therefore calypso competitions - made the genre globally synonymous with the country. Subsequently, through commercial recordings beginning in the 1920s and 30s, calypso music became a social looking glass into matters of Trinidadian public interest (Guibault, 2005). Calypso is recognisable by its use of 4/4 syncopated time signatures, call and response, and prominent Latin percussion – but the most distinctive element is the topical, witty, and satirical lyrics performed by the calypsonians. The attached song is “Split Me In Two” by The Mighty Dougla. This example of a calypso was written in the 1950s and provides a comical perspective on how Trinidad is an extremely multicultural society and if, as the government proposed, some second generation citizens were to be deported back to their ancestral countries, many people would struggle to know which country to choose.
"In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List. It declared the Summer Palace 'a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. The natural landscape of hills and open water is combined with artificial features such as pavilions, halls, palaces, temples and bridges to form a harmonious ensemble of outstanding aesthetic value' ". (Wikipedia).
Pai Yun Dian, Hall for Dispelling the Clouds
application/octet-stream Autodesk FBX Document
Buddha incense Pavilion on Longevity Mountain, Kunming Lake in the foreground.
Kites were first documented in the early Warring States Period by famous philosopher Mozi, who spent three years to craft a wooden bird in the 450BC, originated in Weifang, a city in Northeast China. Kite was exclusive before flying was then spread by traders from China to Korea, across Asia to India. During the period of civil unrest when a lot of attacks from foreign powers were received, kites play a critical role in providing military intelligence for the Chinese army. Each area has distinct kites and various cultural purpose. Today, elaborated and large designs up to 304 meters can be seen flying above parks in China. They often resemble animals of the Chinese Zodiac and symbolises meaning using vegetation patterns. With the use of wood, paper, silk and complex constructions, the kite has become a symbol of Chinese innovation. Kites are also denoted with cultural meanings. According to other historical accounts, kites were used to drive off personal bad luck by flying them and releasing the string. Weifang Museum of Kites, a museum located in a city that has been reowned as capital of kites, has been the only archival documentation of this craft. It collects and displays kite treasures, fully embod-ies the unique artistic charm of Weifang kite culture, and has become the center of dissemination and promotion of kite culture. The museum does not have a website or platform. Visitors can only gather information from Baidu or Wikipedia.
Tartan is a woven cloth consists of horizontal and vertical bands in various colours. Weaving tartan is a craft that requires concentration, great timing and counting. The digital preservation includes tartan brand’s youtube channel about stories behind making tartan, artifacts in the museum, famous tartan fabric shops, and several archive websites that document the types of tartan. Besides the general exhibits or archival collection of textile histories in the National Museum of Scotland and the National Library of Scotland, The Scottish Tartans Museum focus on the history and development of tartan and the kilt, with over 500 samples of tartan. Visitors can view the exhibits online and search according to name or type. Fabric shops including Robert Noble, DC Dalgliesh, Ingles Buchan and Lochcarron not only sell the cloth, but also gives distinctive recording about tartan.
French concession is a geographical area with Sycamore-styled roads and European styled buildings that make up the historical French-administered part in Shanghai, from 1849 to 1946. Concessions were the lands conceded to individual governments, which nowadays the area turned into commercial shops, and many buildings are under municipal protection. They are seen as the cultural symbol of Shanghai, who have witnessed the historical unrest and city change. There is no online systematic archive for the area nor the buildings, even they are enlisted as ‘protected building’. If general public are interested in the history, internet search or physically talking to one of the residents or someone who lived here will the choice.
Movable Cultural Heritage,Intangible Heritage
Kites featuring images of traditional Xi'an opera masks flying near to the Drum Tower, Xi'an, China. Summer 2009.
An image showing part of the Ring of Brodgar, taken in 2011.
The cave of Altamira is a cave complex situated within Northern Spain and contains paleolithic cave art. It is one of the seven caves within Northern Spain which have been collectively classified as a world heritage site, ‘Cave of Altamira and Palaeolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain’. The Altamira cave was re-discovered in 1868, being the first site with paleolithic cave art within Europe to be discovered in the modern era (Dowson, 2022). The oldest painting to be identified within Altamira dates back to 36,000 years ago. When the cave paintings were first discovered in 1880, they were dismissed by prehistorians and classified as forgeries, they were not officially recognized as prehistoric cave art until near the end of the 19th century (Altamira | cave, Spain, 2022). Alongside the paleolithic cave art discovered, when the cave floor was excavated, prehistoric animal bones and stone tools were discovered, furthering the paleolithic insights that the cave provides.
Northern Constabulary Pipe Band Fundraising Ceilidh at North Kessock near Inverness Scotland
Image shows people in the middle of a ceilidh dance at the Northern Constabulary Community Pipe Band's Fundraising Ceilidh in North Kessock. Several people are wearing traditional Scottish attire such as Kilts. Ceilidhs are an informal form of dancing which is very popular in Scotland. The word ceilidh comes from Gaelic and traditionally referred to a gathering of people in the home. There is no exact location for all ceilidhs as they can be in any place at any time, I have chosen this location on the map as the Northern Constabulary Pipe Band Fundraising Ceilidh took place here. Traditionally, neighbours would come together in the evening to informally share songs, music, poetry and storytelling around the fire. Dancing did not always occur. However, in larger communities in rural parts of Scotland, these gatherings were later held in halls and people would dance well known ceilidh dances such as “the gay gordons” and “the dashing white sergent”. The earliest reference to the “gay gordons” is from the early 20th century. The dashing white sergent’s earliest reference is the late 19th century, but it is based on very old Scottish formations of “setting” and “reeling”, which date back to the 1700s. Anyone can join a ceilidh dance and although it is an informal dance, most ceilidhs today are run by a caller who is responsible for selecting the dance and providing basic instructions to ensure that everyone can participate and enjoy the dance.
The Lascaux Cave was discovered in 1940 and forms part of the Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley in southwestern France. This site has helped to inform people about the present day on “prehistoric art and human origins” (Lascaux, 2022). The Vézère Valley contains 25 decorated caves, and a total of 147 prehistoric sites which are of particular interest from an ethnological, anthropological, and aesthetic viewpoint (UNESCO, 2022). The Lascaux cave has been of great importance due to the prehistoric art found within it, which includes detailed depictions of hunting, and “are remarkable for their detail, rich colors, and lifelike quality” (UNESCO, 2022). As well as the artwork found within the cave, other artifacts from the Palaeolithic age have been discovered; including charcoal fragments, bone material, decorative objects, and tools (Lascaux, 2022). Due to the sensitive nature of the artwork, a replica cave has been created of Lascaux to allow visitors to have a viewer experience closely matched to what they would see when visiting the real Lascaux cave.
Gorham’s Cave Complex is a UNESCO World Heritage site located slightly above sea level on the eastern side of the rock of Gibraltar. The complex is made up of four caves. The complex is one of the last known sites inhabited by the Neanderthals in Europe. When it was initially inhabited by the Neanderthals (55,00 years ago) the location of the complex was 5km above sea level, with the shift to the present day being caused by landscape evolution. The cave was rediscovered in 1907 by Captain A. Gorham, and since then numerous discoverers have been made within the complex which has helped to shed light on the paleolithic age, with the complex containing “archaeological and paleontological deposits that provide evidence of Neanderthal occupation over a span of more than 100,000 years” (UNESCO, 2022). Gorham’s cave is an example of tangible cultural heritage, with the complex supplying notable “evidence of the hunting of birds and marine animals for food, the use of feathers for ornamentation, and the presence of abstract rock engravings (UNESCO, 2022)”. More information on the individual discoveries from Gorham’s Cave can be found on Gibraltar’s Museum Virtual Museum: https://www.gibmuseum.gi/our-work/virtual-museum
Venetian beads production dates back to the fourteenth century. It is a representation of mastery of a material, glass, and element the fire. It endures specific knowledge and shared skills, indicates the use of specific traditional tools and procedures. Skilled artisans melt, blow, shape the coloured glass to obtained the shapes. Venice, the true European capital of glass, glass beads were produced in Murano and in all the Venetian territory. Since it was such a valuable product for trading, the center of production moved from Venice to island Murano to avoid the great risk of fire in keeping the kilns. The production represents a traditional knowledge handed down from generation to generation for more than 700 years. After the first World War of dissolution of colonialism, the beads lost their original function of as trading commodity. It become more of art, jewels and personal ornaments The process generally involves three preparatory positions, the ‘perlai’ (craftsmen of glass beads), ‘molatore’ and ‘impiraressa’, a women who inserts the beads through precise movements and creates various artefacts, and the glassmaker. The art of glass beads became part of the List of Intangible Cultural Heritaage since 2020.
A variation of the Royal Stuart tartan. Tartan of the trews worn by the 72nd Regiment, Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders, 1823-1881.
Venetian production dates back to the fourteenth century. It is a representation of mastery of a material, glass, and element the fire. It endures specific knowledge and shared skills, indicates the use of specific traditional tools and procedures. Skilled artisans melt, blow, shape the coloured glass to obtained the shapes. Venice, the true European capital of glass, glass beads were produced in Murano and in all the Venetian territory. Since it was such a valuable product for trading, the center of production moved from Venice to island Murano to avoid the great risk of fire in keeping the kilns. The production represents a traditional knowledge handed down from generation to generation for more than 700 years. After the first World War of dissolution of colonialism, the beads lost their original function of as trading commodity. It become more of art, jewels and personal ornaments The process generally involves three preparatory positions, the ‘perlai’ (craftsmen of glass beads), ‘molatore’ and ‘impiraressa’, a women who inserts the beads through precise movements and creates various artefacts, and the glassmaker. The art of glass beads became part of the List of Intangible Cultural Heritaage since 2020.
3d model of the standing stones of stenness
3D model demonstrating what the Standing Stones of Stenness look like today and also showing where the missing stones would have been placed, as there are only four out of twelve left.
The Primavera is a tempera painting created by Sandro Botticelli in 1482. It is one of the most representative artwork of the Italian Renaissance and symbol of the prosperity of Florence during the Medici rule. It is one of the most popular paintings of the Western World. Along with the Birth of Venus, the Primavera succeeds in demonstrating the expertise of Botticelli in the use of colour, lines and shaded forms. The meaning of the Primavera is still unknown. However, art experts have attempted at guessing it. Originally, the painting was created in the honour of the wedding of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco, Lorenzo de Medici's cousin. Art experts believe that the painting is not only a mere celebration of the wedding, even though the Medici family is depicted, but it is an acknowledgement of Sandro Botticelli's vast knowledge of the Greek and Roman mythology, classic literature and philosophy. For example, Venus and Mercury, two Roman gods, are depicted.
The Primavera is a tempera painting created by Sandro Botticelli in 1482. It is one of the most representative artwork of the Italian Renaissance and symbol of the prosperity of Florence during the Medici rule. It is one of the most popular paintings of the Western World. Along with the Birth of Venus, the Primavera succeeds in demonstrating the expertise of Botticelli in the use of colour, lines and shaded forms. The meaning of the Primavera is still unknown. However, art experts have attempted at guessing it. Originally, the painting was created in the honour of the wedding of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco, Lorenzo de Medici's cousin. Nevertheless, the painting is not only a mere celebration of a wedding as it is demonstrated by the presence of numerous allegories and metaphor that link to the Greek and Roman mythology. For example, two Roman gods, Venus and Mercury, are depicted. This painting succeeds in showing Botticelli's great knowledge of classical literature and philosophy.
Yuya and Tjuyu tomb in the Valley of the Kings (KV46)
Tutankhamun tomb in the Valley of the Kings (KV62)
Image taken in 2014 of the Standing Stones of Stenness, showing three out of four of the remaining stones.
Castel del Monte is a castle located on a hilltop in Andria, within the Apulia region of south-eastern Italy. The castle was constructed in the 1240s by King Frederick II who was King of Sicily, King of Germany, King of Italy, King of Jerusalem, and Holy Roman Emperor. Frederick II lived from 1194 to 1250. Castel del Monte is widely considered to be one of the architectural triumphs of King Frederick II’s 40 year reign, and is noted for its outstanding integration of Northern European and Islamic architecture along with its unique octagonal shape for the time period. For these reasons, the castle was made a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1996. Today, the castle still remains in good condition, a condition similar to that as it would have had when it was first built. The castle has a diameter of 56 metres and its main outer wall is 25 metres high.
Turuhansk airport was opened in 1949 near the settlement of Turuhansk. For many years, passengers of the airport used the old wooden building which is now abandoned and is slowly falling apart. From my opinion, the building is worth saving as it is a rare example of wooden air terminals from the middle of the XX century.
From 1883 until 1904, at an altitude of 1345m, an operational weather station and observatory existed on the summit of Ben Nevis. The purpose of this weather station was to facilitate meteorological research in the unique environment that the summit of Ben Nevis provides, as it is regularly situated in the direct path of Atlantic storms. Throughout its 21-year lifespan, men lived and worked at the observatory, and the data collected at the weather station is generally considered to be one of the most extensive and insightful collections of British mountain weather data. Certain members of the meteorological team were also inspired to advance multiple areas of scientific research from their time at the weather station. Most notably, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson was inspired to invent the cloud chamber from phenomenon he witnessed at the weather station. Today, the ruins of the weather station and observatory still remain on the summit of Ben Nevis, providing shelter for mountaineers.
A photograph of the Ben Nevis Observatory during the summer of 2017.