https://stage.openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/9d937abfd8664fcdfe8a65a5db8ab919.png 24869e7deb131939c42a70e1fd108e56 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Museum: Edinburgh Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 141 Reconstruction Date Represented 1544 Advisers Bess Rhodes, Richard Fawcett (University of St Andrews), John Lawson (CECAS) Authors Sarah Kennedy, Bess Rhodes, Iain Oliver, Catherine Anne Cassidy, CJ Davies, Adeola Fabola, John McCaffrey, Alan Miller Canmore https://canmore.org.uk/site/52279 How Firstly, a digital landscape was created using survey data and height maps. Following extensive historical research and collaboration with specialists, 3D models are created and imported into UNREAL Engine (a cross-platform game engine for creating virtual worlds). Models are textured, scaled, oriented and assembled. Scenes are created and populated with appropriate objects, including furniture and artefacts. Landscapes populated with flora and fauna. Weather settings and atmospheric lighting. Clothing and characters researched, created, imported and animated. Evidence In May 1544, an English army gathered on the outskirts of Edinburgh. Led by the Earl of Hertford (brother to Henry VIII’s third wife Jane Seymour), the English had orders to ‘burn Edinburgh town’, and leave the Scottish capital ‘so razed and defaced’ that ‘there may remain forever a perpetual memory of the vengeance of God’. Fortunately for the residents of Edinburgh, the English failed to fully achieve their aims. A combination of Edinburgh’s natural geographic advantages and determined defence by gunners based at the Castle frustrated much of the English efforts. After harrying the Scottish capital for less than two weeks, Hertford’s forces withdrew. The English claimed that following their assaults on Edinburgh, ‘neither within the walls nor in the suburbs was left any one house unburnt beside the innumerable bodies, pillages and spoils that our soldiers brought from thence’. The reality was probably more complicated. Although Holyrood and the Canongate seem to have sustained significant damage, the extent of destruction in the heart of the burgh of Edinburgh is debatable. The Edinburgh 1544 Project reconstructs the appearance of the Scottish capital on the eve of these momentous events. Inspired by a drawing in the British Library made by the English military engineer Richard Lee (who accompanied Hertford’s expedition, and took part in the sack of Holyrood), the reconstruction visualises the historic burghs of Edinburgh and the Canongate as they may have appeared just before Hertford’s forces arrived. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource So what is important about 1544? In the spring of 1544, the English king Henry VIII ordered a vast army of about fifteen thousand men north to Scotland.1 Acting on instructions from their monarch, the English forces captured and sacked Leith before turning their attention to the burgh of Edinburgh. In a few days of fierce fighting in early May, the English managed to temporarily gain entry to Edinburgh and set fire to sections of the capital. They also sacked the abbey and royal palace at Holyrood, burnt Leith (and tore down the pier in the harbour), and attacked many castles and smaller burghs around Edinburgh and in southern Fife. The English then returned south, part of the forces travelling by sea, and part going by land (where they continued their trail of destruction). Our depiction of Edinburgh and the Canongate was inspired by a drawing in the British Library made by the English military engineer Richard Lee, who accompanied Hertford’s forces in 1544. Lee’s drawing is the earliest moderately realistic picture of Edinburgh and would influence how the English portrayed the Scottish capital into the seventeenth century (a variant of Lee’s illustration is included in John Speed’s atlas, The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain, published c.1611). It is possible that Lee’s plan was created to explain the outcome of the Edinburgh expedition to Henry VIII of England. On 19 May 1544 the Earl of Hertford informed Henry that he was sending him ‘Master Lee, who I assure your Majesty hath served in the journey both honestly and willingly, [and] doth bring unto your Highness a plat of Leith and Edinburgh so as your Majesty shall perceive the situations of the same, which is undoubtedly set forth as well as is possible.’ This project was kindly funded by Innovate UK. License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. In Copyright (InC) Title A name given to the resource Edinburgh - A City in Crisis 1544 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived reconstructions Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/png Type The nature or genre of the resource Reconstruction Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 185 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. current,55.9533,-3.1883; Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource Intangible Heritage Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://sh.smartheritage.net/Edinburgh1544/ Is Shown At An unambiguous URL reference to the digital object on the provider’s web site in its full information context. https://www.openvirtualworlds.org/edinburgh-1544/ Europeana Rights Information about copyright of the digital object that is specified in isShownBy and isShownAt and, by extension, to the preview images used in the portal. Smart History Cultural>Group of Buildings Modern Urban Settlement