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<dc:title>Kowloon Walled City</dc:title>
<dc:description>Kowloon Walled City was an ungoverned settlement in British-occupied Hong Kong. It evolved from a Chinese military output during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) into a densely populated urban enclave due to ambiguous jurisdictional boundaries after the Second World War. Without effective governance from China or Britain, the Walled City developed organically, with buildings constructed without official permits and businesses operating independently. By the late 1980s, it housed over 50,000 in a labyrinthine network of high-rise buildings characterised by poverty and crime (Fraser &amp; Cheuk-Yin Li, 2017). It was demolished in 1993.

The Walled City is portrayed in various video games such as Stray (2022) and Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010). Moreover, online archives of photographs and illustrations along with 3D digital reconstructions and animations continue to preserve its unique cultural legacy for audiences worldwide.

Awareness of the complexities of Kowloon Walled City provides lessons on urban living, community resilience, and the importance of sustainable city development - thus contributing to Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. Specifically, Target 11.4 can be addressed by ensuring continued recognition and appreciation of the site’s
historical significance</dc:description>
<dc:date>The Song Dynasty (960-1279)</dc:date>
<dc:contributor>wanm</dc:contributor>
<dc:type>Site</dc:type>
<dc:identifier>937</dc:identifier>
<dc:date submitted>21/03/2024</dc:date submitted>
<dc:date modified>04/19/2024 04:29:03 pm</dc:date modified>
<dc:references>Fraser, A., &amp; Cheuk-Yin Li, E. (2017). The second life of Kowloon Walled City: Crime, media and cultural memory. Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659017703681</dc:references>
<dc:extent>cm x cm x cm</dc:extent>
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<item_type_metadata:end date>1994</item_type_metadata:end date>
<item_type_metadata:institutional nature>Building</item_type_metadata:institutional nature>
<item_type_metadata:prim media>1904</item_type_metadata:prim media>
<item_type_metadata:contact>ymw1@st-andrews.ac.uk</item_type_metadata:contact>
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<europeana:europeana data provider>Kowloon Walled City</europeana:europeana data provider>
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