<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<METS:mets xmlns:METS="http://www.loc.gov/METS/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/METS/ http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets.xsd  http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-0.xsd" ID="ITEM_1973" OBJID="ITEM_1973" LABEL="Kowloon Walled City" TYPE="Site" >

<METS:metsHdr CREATEDATE="2026-05-14T04:13:29" ID="HDR_ITEM1973" AMDID="AMD_ITEM1973" >
<METS:agent ROLE="ARCHIVIST" TYPE="INDIVIDUAL" >
<METS:name>Super User</METS:name>
<METS:note></METS:note>
</METS:agent>
<METS:agent ROLE="CREATOR" TYPE="INDIVIDUAL" >
<METS:name></METS:name>
<METS:note></METS:note>
</METS:agent>
<METS:agent ROLE="OTHER" TYPE="OTHER" >
<METS:name>Omeka MetsExport Plugin</METS:name>
<METS:note>The software used to generate this document is called Omeka MetsExport, which operates as a plugin for Omeka. Documentation can be found at http://github/MetsExport/</METS:note>
</METS:agent>
</METS:metsHdr>

<METS:dmdSec ID="DMD_ITEM1973" >
<METS:mdWrap ID="MDW_ITEM1973_dc" LABEL="Dublin Core" MDTYPE="DC" >
<METS:xmlData>
<dc:title>Kowloon Walled City</dc:title>
<dc:description>Kowloon Walled City was an ungoverned settlement in British-occupied Hong Kong. It evolved from a Chinese military output during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) into a densely populated urban enclave due to ambiguous jurisdictional boundaries after the Second World War. Without effective governance from China or Britain, the Walled City developed organically, with buildings constructed without official permits and businesses operating independently. By the late 1980s, it housed over 50,000 in a labyrinthine network of high-rise buildings characterised by poverty and crime (Fraser &amp; Cheuk-Yin Li, 2017). It was demolished in 1993.

The Walled City is portrayed in various video games such as Stray (2022) and Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010). Moreover, online archives of photographs and illustrations along with 3D digital reconstructions and animations continue to preserve its unique cultural legacy for audiences worldwide.

Studying the social structures and informal governance systems within Kowloon Walled City can shed light on addressing inequalities and promoting inclusion in urban settings to address Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities.</dc:description>
<dc:date>The Song Dynasty (960-1279)</dc:date>
<dc:contributor>wanm</dc:contributor>
<dc:type>Site</dc:type>
<dc:identifier>956</dc:identifier>
<dc:date submitted>19/04/2024</dc:date submitted>
<dc:date modified>04/19/2024 04:19:56 pm</dc:date modified>
<dc:references>Fraser, A., &amp; Cheuk-Yin Li, E. (2017). The second life of Kowloon Walled City: Crime, media and cultural memory. Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659017703681</dc:references>
<dc:extent>cm x cm x cm</dc:extent>
<dc:spatial coverage>current,22.33202991446202,114.19036781817341;</dc:spatial coverage>
</METS:xmlData>
</METS:mdWrap>
<METS:mdWrap ID="MDW_ITEM1973_item_type_metadata" LABEL="Item Type Metadata" MDTYPE="DC" >
<METS:xmlData>
<item_type_metadata:end date>1994</item_type_metadata:end date>
<item_type_metadata:institutional nature>Building</item_type_metadata:institutional nature>
<item_type_metadata:prim media>1970</item_type_metadata:prim media>
<item_type_metadata:contact>ymw1@st-andrews.ac.uk</item_type_metadata:contact>
</METS:xmlData>
</METS:mdWrap>
<METS:mdWrap ID="MDW_ITEM1973_europeana" LABEL="Europeana" MDTYPE="DC" >
<METS:xmlData>
<europeana:europeana data provider>Kowloon Walled City</europeana:europeana data provider>
<europeana:object>https://cityofdarkness.co.uk/</europeana:object>
<europeana:europeana type>TEXT</europeana:europeana type>
</METS:xmlData>
</METS:mdWrap>
</METS:dmdSec>

<METS:amdSec ID="AMD_ITEM1973" >
</METS:amdSec>

<METS:fileSec ID="FILES_ITEM1973" >
</METS:fileSec>

<METS:structMap >
<METS:div TYPE="ITEM" DMDID="DMD_ITEM1973" AMDID="AMD_ITEM1973" >
</METS:div>

</METS:structMap>
</METS:mets>
