Taj Mahal is a huge mausoleum and mosque built of white marble. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan to commemorate his concubine. The construction of it lasted 22 years from 1631 to 1653. Located on the right side of the Yamuna River, in the city of Agra in Uttar Pradesh, more than 200 kilometers away from New Delhi, India. It is composed of halls, bell towers, minarets, pools, etc., all built with pure white marble and inlaid with glass and agate, which has extremely high artistic value. The Taj Mahal is the representative of Indian Muslim art and one of the classic masterpieces in the world heritage. It is known as the "perfect building" and the "Pearl of India".
Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)
The Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities). This heritage refers to all historical sites such as temples, shrines, and castles in Kyoto, Uji, and Otsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. There are 17 of them thar have been included in the World Heritage List. They are recognized as an important historical and cultural treasure and protected as a typical cultural heritage of Japan. In 794 BC, the Japanese imperial family moved the capital to Heianjing. Heianjing is located in today’s Kyoto city, a city that imitates Luoyang, China. Since then until the middle of the 19th century, Ancient Kyoto remained the imperial capital of Japan, the political and cultural centre of Japan. It not only witnessed the development of Japanese wooden architecture, especially religious buildings, but also showed the world the changes in Japanese garden art. Now the Japanese garden design art has had a significant impact on landscape garden design all over the world.
Dazu Rock Carvings is located in the Dazu District of Chongqing City. It was carved in the Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties, and continued to be carved in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is now a world cultural heritage and one of the eight largest grottoes in the world. There are 23 Dazu Rock Carvings distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast sectors of the county. 19 places such as Baoding Mountain and Beishan are more concentrated. Among them, the Baoding Mountain cliff sculpture is the largest and the most exquisite. In addition to statues of Buddha and Taoism, there are also statues of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism in the same cave, with Buddhist statues accounting for the largest proportion. The Dazu Rock Carvings represent the highest level of world grotto art in the 9th to 13th centuries AD, and are the last monuments in the history of human grotto art. It shows the major developments and changes of Chinese grotto art style from different aspects in the Tang and Song dynasties, and has historical, artistic, and scientific values that are irreplaceable in earlier grottoes. It is famous for its grand scale, exquisite carvings, diverse subject matter, rich connotation, and well-preserved.
The Hongshan Culture is named after the Hongshan Mountain first discovered in Chifeng. It is centered on the Xilamulun River and the Laoha River, covering an area of 200,000 square kilometers, dating back to about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago and lasting for 2,000 years. The social form of Hongshan culture was in the heyday of matriarchal society, and its main social structure was a tribal group linked by female blood groups. The economy is mainly based on agriculture, and coexist with animal husbandry, fishing and hunting. Its remains coexist with the unique colored pottery and the letter-shaped pottery, and the neolithic culture of the microstone age
The Yuetan Park is located in the west of South Lishi Road and south of North Yuetan Street in Xicheng District, Beijing. It was built in 1530 for the Ming and Qing dynasties to worship the God of Night (Moon) and the heavenly deities on the autumnal equinox. The ancient buildings such as the Bell Tower, the Heavenly Gate and the Divine Treasury are well preserved. It is a protected cultural heritage unit in Beijing. The Temple of the Moon was established as the Temple of the Moon Park in 1955.
Riying Lou build in 1297-1307, is the oldest Tulou.
Fenghuang County has an exceptionally well-preserved ancient town that harbours unique ethnic languages, customs, arts as well as many distinctive architectural remains of Ming and Qing styles. The town is placed in a mountain setting, incorporating the natural flow of water into the city layout. Over half of the city's population belong to the Miao or Tujia minorities. It was the centre of the unsuccessful Miao Rebellion (1854–73), which created a Miao diaspora in Southeast Asia during the last two centuries. The city is revered in Miao traditions and funeral rites and is the location of the Southern China Great Wall, a fortification built by the Ming dynasty to protect the local Han Chinese from Miao attacks.
The Peach Blossom Source Scenic Spot is located near Shuixi, 15 kilometres southwest of Taoyuan County in Hunan Province, 34 kilometres from Changde City. The scenic beauty spot of Taoyuan retains the remains of the Daxi culture of the Neolithic period, and is the prototype site of the "Peach Blossom Source" in the "Dictionary" and "Source of Words". The total area of the Taoyuan Scenic Spot is 157.55 square kilometres, of which 15.8 square kilometres is the main scenic area of the World Wide Peach Garden and 44.48 square kilometres is the scenic waters of the Yuanshui River where the Wuling people fished for their livelihood. The outer reserve is 96.9 square kilometres.
Wulingyuan is a scenic and historical site in the Wulingyuan District of South Central China's Hunan Province. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. It is noted for more than 3,000 quartzite sandstone pillars and peaks across most of the site, many over 200 metres (660 ft) in height, along with many ravines and gorges with attractive streams, pools, lakes, rivers and waterfalls. It features 40 caves, many with large calcite deposits, and a natural bridge named Tianqiashengkong (meaning 'bridge across the sky'), which is one of the highest natural bridges in the world. The site also provides habitat for many vulnerable species, including the dhole, Asiatic black bear, and Chinese water deer.
Mazu is a goddess situated believed mainly by the people in the southeast of China. Mazu was originally named Lin Mo or Lin Mo Niang, born in the Putian city Fujian province. In the legend, she helped save people in peril of the sea, kills the monsters in the sea, and helped the injured people. Tons of historical stories recorded her stories, and from the Song dynasty to the Qing dynasty, Mazu was given several honour titles from the emperors. Gradually, she became a belief of the fishermen, businessmen, and seashore people to keep them rid of natural disasters. Nowadays, Mazu is still a common belief in many provinces in China and even some people in southeast Asia. On every 23rd March of the lunar calendar, which is the Mazu’s birthday, thousands of people will come to Meizhou island, which is believed by the born place of Mazu, to celebrate the birth of Mazu. The magical thing is that generally, on Mazu's birthday, Meizhou island will always rain. People believe that it is a blessing from Mazu.
Sun Moon Lake (Shao language: Zintun or Zintun a Wazaqan; Hokkien: Ji̍t-goa̍t-thâm) is a semi-natural freshwater lake and hydropower reservoir in Riyue Village, Yuchi Township, Nantou County, Taiwan; the lake is the area of ​​Taiwan’s main island The second largest lake (after Zengwen Reservoir) and the largest semi-natural lake with a reservoir for power generation. The average water surface of the lake is about 736 meters above sea level, the normal area is about 7.93 square kilometers (about 8.4 square kilometers at full water level), and the highest water depth is 27 meters. It contains rich natural ecology, but many of them are alien species. This lake is one of the main areas where the aboriginal Thao people in Taiwan live; the tribes living around the lake call it "Shuishehai". In the past, the nearby Pingpu people called the aboriginal people living in the mountains "Shalian", and the area was the largest water basin in the mountainous area, so Sun Moon Lake and its surrounding areas were named "Shuishalian". In addition, there are still names such as "Shuishe Great Lake", "Longhu", "Zhutan" and "Shuangtan". Its current name is the combined name of Sun Lake and Moon Lake. The two names come from the depiction of the water color and outline of its two major components. At the same time, the scenery of this lake has always been appreciated since ancient times, and has been listed in the eight scenic spots of Taiwan by the relevant authorities many times since the period of Japanese rule. In January 2000, the Tourism Bureau of the Ministry of Communications established the Sun Moon Lake National Scenic Area. In addition to the original Sun Moon Lake specific area, its scope was expanded to Yuchi Township in the north, Shuishe Mountain in the east, Jiji Mountain in the west, and Shuili Snake Kiln in the south.
Kulangsu is an island in the city of Xiamen in China. Kulangsu Island is existed since 3000 years ago, from the 8th-century people started to live on this island. In 1903 with the opening of the commercial port, this island started to become an international settlement. The architecture in Kulangsu is a fusion of styling of the Fujian and western styles. From 1843 the western-style architecture began to appear on this island. In the 20th century, the residents started hiring foreign architects to build stylish villas on the island. Although some of the buildings had slightly destroyed World War 2, most of the buildings were well preserved. Apart from this, Kulangsu is also a cradle of music. Hundreds of musicians were born and raised in Kulangsu. Almost every family on this island owns pianos in their home. So this island is also known as the island of music. This island also holds a piano museum, with many traditional pianos here. All the culture and artefact elements made Kulangsu a special exist in the city.
The old site of Lin Zexu Yanyan Pond and Humen Fort, located at No. 113 Jiefang Road, Humen Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, consists of Lin Zexu Yanyan Pond, Humen Fort, Jingyuan Fort, Shajiao Fort, Weiyuan Fort, etc. In the 19th year of Qing Daoguang (1839), the imperial commissioner of the Qing Dynasty Lin Zexu built a smoke-selling pool and presided over the destruction of a large amount of opium seized in the pool; the Humen Fort was located on both banks of the Pearl River Estuary, and it was in the 20th year of Qing Daoguang (1840), England The Opium War to invade China was launched in Guangdong. On February 25th in the 21st year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1841), the British army attacked Humen, and the admiral Guan Tianpei of the Guangdong Navy led the army to fight bravely. Historical evolution: In the fifth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1800), the Shajiao Fort that formed the Humen Fort was officially completed. In the 14th year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1834), after Guan Tianpei served as the admiral of the Guangdong Navy, he began to rectify and strengthen the defense of Humen Haikou. Shajiao and Dajiao Fortress were changed to lookout command platforms, and a Wanghai Tower was built on the top of Shajiao Mountain, in front of the building. Put up a high pole and send soldiers to look around day and night. In May of the 19th year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1839), Lin Zexu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, built two smoking pools for the destruction of drugs on the South Beach of Humen Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. In the same year, the Jingyuan Fort, which formed the Humen Fort, was built. On January 7th in the 21st year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1841), the Battle of Shajiao was defeated. Chen Liansheng and other Qing soldiers died as martyrs. The Shajiao Fort was destroyed by the British army. On February 26 of the same year, the Qing army was defeated in the Battle of Humen, Jingyuan fort fell, and the British army destroyed it. In the twenty-third year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1843), the Shajiao Fort, Jingyuan Fort was restored. In the sixth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1856), the Shajiao Fort was once again destroyed by the British army. During the reign of Guangxu (1883--1889), large-scale restoration and expansion of the Shajiao Fortress were carried out, and they were successively located in Baicao Mountain, Fishing Mountain, Lun Mountain, Centipede Mountain, Qishan Mountain, Guishan Mountain, Baihe Mountain, Lion Mountain, and Xiangshan Mountain. 10 new forts were built on Phoenix Mountain. Lin Zexu's smoking pool and the former Humen Fort site participated in the construction of education for all, patriotism and education bases with the people, which is a monument of Dongguan's history and culture.
Dongting Lake, known as Yunmeng, Jiujiang and Chonghu in ancient times, is located on the south bank of Jingjiang in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The name of Dongting Lake began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It was named after Dongting Mountain (now Jun Mountain) in the lake. Dongting Lake was once known as "Eight Baili Dongting" in ancient times. In the late 1990s, according to calculations by the water conservancy department, it had an area of ​​2579.2 square kilometers (2740 square kilometers), which is generally called China’s second largest freshwater lake; if the four waters of Hunan, Zi, Yuan, and Li and the "four mouths of the Yangtze River" are added The floodway area of ​​more than 1,300 square kilometers (1,18,780 square kilometers), the two together, is 3879.2 square kilometers (or 4040 square kilometers). The perimeter of the lake basin is 803.2 kilometers, with a total volume of 22 billion cubic meters, of which the volume of natural lakes is 17.8 billion cubic meters and the volume of river channels is 4.2 billion cubic meters. Dongting Lake is an important storage lake in the Yangtze River Basin, with a strong flood storage capacity. It has made countless floods in the Yangtze River ridden, and the Jianghan Plain and the three towns of Wuhan have been able to survive the floods safely. Dongting Lake is an important strategic place in history and the birthplace of Chinese traditional culture. There are many scenic spots in the lake area. The historical sites represented by Yueyang Tower are important tourism and cultural resources. It is also the birthplace of traditional Chinese agriculture, a well-known land of fish and rice, and the most important commodity grain and oil base, aquatic product and breeding base in Hunan Province and even the whole country.
Culture,Immovable Culture Heritage,Tourism
Yungang Grottoes is located at the southern foot of Wuzhou Mountain, about 16 kilometers west of Datong City, Shanxi Province, China. With a history of 1,500 years, Yungang Grottoes is the first Buddhist art treasure house carved by a nation and a dynasty into an imperial style after Buddhism art was spread to China. It is a historical monument of the integration of Chinese and Western cultures in the 5th century. The Yungang Grottoes were inscribed on the World Cultural Heritage List by the United Nations in 2001. The Yungang Grottoes were built between the 2nd year of Xing 'an (453) and the 19th year of Taihe (495) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and were the first large-scale grottoes in China to be excavated under the leadership of an imperial dignitary. The grottoes are excavated from the mountain. There are more than 1,100 Buddhas and more than 51,000 Buddhas, the largest of which is 17 meters high and the smallest of which is only 2 centimeters high. It represents the great achievements of Buddhist art in China during the 5th and 6th centuries. It was the first peak of the development history of Chinese Buddhist art.
Goujian sword, the king of Yue in the spring and Autumn period, is a bronze weapon of Yue in the late spring and Autumn period. It was made about 2500 years ago. It is a first-class cultural relic in China. It was unearthed from tomb 1 of Wangshan Chu tomb group in Jiangling County, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province in 1965 and is now collected in Hubei Provincial Museum. In the spring and Autumn period, the sword of Goujian, king of Yue, is 55.7 cm long, 8.4 cm long and 4.6 cm wide. The head of the sword is turned out into a hoop shape, with 11 concentric circles with an interval of only 0.2 mm cast inside. The body of the sword is covered with regular black diamond pattern. There is a bird seal inscription of "Yue Wang Jiu (Gou) shallow (Jian) self acting sword" near the front. The front of the sword case is inlaid with blue glass, The back is inlaid with turquoise. Goujian sword, the king of Yue in the spring and Autumn period, embodies the highest level of short weapon manufacturing at that time. It is known as "the first sword in the world". It is a treasure in bronze weapons. It is of great value to study the history of Yue and understand the bronze casting technology and characters in ancient China
Culture,Immovable Culture Heritage,Intangible Heritage,Tourism
Kumbum Monastery is also called Ta'er Temple (Tibetan: སྐུ་འབམ་ྱམསཔགིང་) is located in lushar Town, Huangzhong County, 25 km southwest of Xining City, Qinghai Province, China. Founded in 1560, it is one of the six temples of Gelu sect in Tibetan Buddhism and the birthplace of zongkaba, the founder of Gelu sect. It is the activity center of Tibetan Buddhism in Northwest China, and enjoys a high reputation in China and Southeast Asia. The central government of all dynasties highly praised the religious status of Ta'er temple. Butter flower, murals and embroidery are known as the "three unique arts of Ta'er Temple". In addition, many Buddhist classics and academic monographs on history, literature, philosophy, medicine and legislation are also collected in the temple. The Buddhist activities held every year "four Dharma meetings" are more lively and extraordinary. The tular temple is also vivid and famous for its crispy sculpture.
Ritan Park, also known as ‘chaoritan’, is located in the southeast of Chaoyang Gate in Beijing. It is the place where the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to the sun, the God of Ming Dynasty. It was originally built by Xiao Yingdi of the royal guards of Ming Dynasty in 1530. To the west of the altar, a square platform is made of white stone. The surface of the altar is red glazed in the Ming Dynasty to symbolize the sun. Due to its use and history, Ritan Park is an indispensable part of China's cultural heritage.
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Ditan, also known as Fangze altar, is the second largest of the five altars in the ancient capital of Beijing. It was built in the ninth year of Jiajing (1530 A.D.) in the Ming Dynasty. It is located on the east side of Andingmen gate, corresponding to the temple of heaven, and across the river from Yonghe palace, Confucius Temple and Guozijian. Ditan is a solemn, simple and elegant royal temple. It is the place where the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties worship the God "huangdizhi". It is also the largest existing altar in China. With a total area of 37.4 hectares, the altar is square in shape. The whole building is simple, dignified and unique. From the whole to the part, it is designed in accordance with the traditions and symbolic legends of ancient China, such as "round sky and place", "green sky and yellow earth", "south and north sky", "dragon and phoenix" and "heaven and earth". There are many ancient buildings in Ditan, such as fangzetan, huangzhishi, Zaishu Pavilion, zhaigong, shenku and so on.
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the Temple of heaven - the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest
the vedio of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest，the temple of heaven
The temple of heaven is the place for emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties to "worship heaven" and "pray for Valley", which is located in the east of Zhengyang gate. The altar is round in the north and square in the south, implying that "the sky is round and the place is square". The whole altar is divided into two parts, the inner altar and the outer altar, with a total area of 273 hectares. The temple of heaven was first built in 1420, the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. It was added and rebuilt by Jiajing in Ming Dynasty and Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. After the founding of new China, the state invested a lot of money in the protection and maintenance of the temple of heaven. With its profound cultural connotation and magnificent architectural style, the temple of heaven has become a portrayal of the ancient oriental civilization. The temple of heaven is a collection of architectural skills of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a treasure of ancient Chinese architecture and the world's largest architectural complex for worshiping heaven. In 1998, it was recognized as "world cultural heritage" by UNESCO.
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The Fujian Tulou consist of 46 ancient buildings scattered in Fujian and Guangzhou Province of China. Tulou is a particular circle or triangle shape building that originated from the Song and Yuan dynasty. It was developed and fully built during the Ming and the republic of China period. The oldest Tulou is over 600 years old, and the youngest Tulou is only 30 years since it built. In Chinese, "Tu" means soil, and "Lou" means building. The material of Tulou is based on stone and soil-applied with bamboo woods. Ancient people built it around the rice field and tea field. The usage of Tulou is as a dwelling house, for a single Tulou will allow around 800 residents to live in. Besides, it is also acting as a protection mechanism from the bandits. The solid walls and the circle shape without too many windows outside will perfectly protect residents from the bullets attack. Now Tulou is still a life circle for the local residents, the culture and the tradition inside of Tulou are still alive.
Bianzhong (pronounced [pi̯ɛ́n t͡ʂʊ́ŋ]) is an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells, played melodically. China is the earliest country to manufacture and use musical chimes. They are also called Chime Bells.[1] These sets of chime bells were used as polyphonic musical instruments and some of these bells have been dated at between 2,000 to 3,600 years old. They were hung in a wooden frame and struck with a mallet. Using a wooden hammer and a rod to beat the bronze bell can make different pitch. Along with the stone chimes called bianqing, they were an important instrument in China's ritual and court music going back to ancient times. The chime bells of Marquis Yi of Zeng are the most numerous, the largest, the best preserved, the most complete and the widest musical instruments in the ancient chime bells discovered so far. It proves that in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period (5th century BC), China already had the concept of seven sound scales and absolute pitch, indicating that the culture and technology of the Zhou Dynasty had reached a very high level.
Geylang is a township and planning region in the tiny Asian island state of Singapore. Geylang as a place is a contradiction because it represents many of the quintessential things which makes Singapore Sinagpore. However, it also represents things which are totally at odds with most people’s perception of Singapore. For example, it is home to one of the earliest Malay settlements on the island; Geylang Serai. Malay, Indian, and Chinese entrepreneurs set up business here in the 19th century, and the area today is famous for its excellent food and wonderfully preserved traditional ‘shophouse’ architecture. Therefore, it is important historically and reflects the ethnic diversity of the current population. However, it is also a red-light district and considered to be one of the seediest areas of the otherwise sterile state.
Zhangjiajie National Forest Park is a national forest park located in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China. It is one of several national parks within the Wulingyuan Scenic Area. Wulingyuan's unique quartz sandstone peaks are rare at home and abroad and are known as the "Three Thousand Strange Peaks". In the core scenic area of 217.2 square kilometres, there are 3103 quartz sandstone peaks, which are distributed between 500 and 1100 metres above sea level, ranging from a few tens of metres to 400 metres in height. The peaks are shaped like people, gods, immortals, birds, beasts and things, with many variations, and these abrupt rocky peaks and rocks stretch for thousands of hectares. Whenever the weather is clear or rainy, the valley is filled with clouds and mist, and the sea of clouds is sometimes thick and sometimes light, with the rocky peaks appearing and disappearing.
The Roman Baths - which gives name to the city of Bath, Somerset, England - are an architectural marvel and one of the most well-preserved ‘thermae’ outside of Rome. A ‘thermae’ is an ancient Roman Bath house, and the one found in the city of Bath was built by the rulers of Roman Britain sometime during the first century. The baths reflect the, at times tremulous, history of the island, as the original baths were left in ruins when the Roman Empire collapsed in the 5th century. However, they would go on to be redeveloped several times in the Middle Ages, which reflects the resurgence of interest in the classic world that was developing throughout Europe during this time period.
An increasing amount of tourist attractions in Rome are using multiple methods of digital preservation and promotion. The excavated spaces now contain modern technology including high-resolution projectors which supplement the existing remains with meticulously precise light displays that highlight interesting features that are long gone. This has outlined and restored significant missing details of buildings, paintings, mosaics and frescoes as reported in the Apollo Magazine. Amongst the tourist attractions, the ruins of ancient Roman houses discovered under Palazzo Valentini have been publicly exhibited, contributing to Rome's extremely extensive historical and cultural legacy. As stated on the Palazzo Valentini website, a team of art historians, archaeologists, and architects from the Provincial Administration, collaborated on a project to study, preserve, and publicly display these excavations. Glimmering lights fill the marble bathtub of the ancient home in the cellar, bringing light and vibrant colours back to what was, until recently, a gloomy underground environment. The history of "Domus" has been recreated by an expert team of specialists using interactive replications and reconstructions, graphics, and video clips projected onto old buildings that once belonged to rich families. Various elaborate mosaics, wall decorations, relics, paving stones, and other items were included in the houses. Other sites use VR and AR reconstructions which immerse the viewer in a constructed 3D model of the existing ruin using headsets. To provide the feeling of complete immersion in the 3D reconstruction, a couple of stereoscopic screens and motion sensors are used to map and refresh the view to create a seamless experience. The digital restoration of Trajan's column allows visitors to look closely at bas-reliefs which explain the history of Trajan's military campaign: the liberation of Dacia, now in Romania. This is a perfect example of how cultural heritage can be regenerated and transformed by careful and intentional digital preservation and promotion to enrich and educate all visitors through modern methods.
Reconstruction of 3,000-year-old Ceramic Lion
The Semitic Museum at Harvard University used 3D printers and 3D scanning technology to reconstruct a ceramic lion that was shattered around 3,000 years ago when Assyrians destroyed Nuzi, an ancient Mesopotamian city situated in modern Iraq. The Harvard team shot sculpture fragments from hundreds of angles to create 3D reproductions of each artefact, then combined them to shape a partially complete 3D image of the original artefact. The process is known as "photogrammetry" which is a photo modelling technique commonly used to create 3D reproductions of buildings, artefacts and objects. This technique is particularly useful to the digital preservation of cultural heritage as historical sites and artefacts are often damaged. The digital version was assessed and compared to scanned versions of complete artefacts found in the same environment. Any holes were identified, and absent fragments and support systems were meticulously fabricated from 3D prints and CNC carved foam. The images show the complete lion and fragments of the Nuzi lion during the photo modelling process.
Volubilis is an ancient archaeological site in Morocco and a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is one of the largest and most important sites in Morocco as it’s ruins date back to 3BC and were inhabited for over ten centuries. According to World Monuments Fund, the city was extremely wealthy due to its production of agricultural products such as grain and olive oil. However, the Romans who occupied it abandoned a portion of Volubilis in 285. It was then inhabited by the founder of Fez, Idris I, who was the first Islamic ruler in Morocco. This helped Volubilis gain momentum and reach the potential it once had. Not long after, it was abandoned again and has been managed by various archaeologists since. About two decades ago, the World Monuments Fund offered financial assistance through the Robert W. Wilson Challenge Program to establish a database to consolidate all available research into a multilingual, multimedia archive. Conservation initiatives have been conducted with a view of focusing on main elements such as mosaics. A monitoring process to examine soil conditions, activity and relative humidity levels has been developed. An architectural survey was carried out and photographed by students at the National Institute of Archaeology and Heritage of Morocco.
Robert Burns - born in Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland in 1759 - is considered the national poet of Scotland and was voted "The Greatest Scot" of all time in 2009. The small, traditional cottage he was born and raised in is an important landmark for the village of Alloway and is visited by many fans and admirers of Burns. The cottage museum contains over 5,000 Burns artefacts including his handwritten manuscripts. Tourists can walk in the footsteps of the great poet, celebrate his legacy, and eat traditional Scottish food such as haggis, neeps and tatties in the museum café. Using the cottage museum as a base point, visitors can explore throughout the village of Alloway and view important village landmarks in the life of Burns along the way.
Valparaíso is a port city on the coast of Chile. It is known for its towering funiculars and its colorful houses on cliffs. La Sebastiana, which used to be the flamboyant home of Chilean Nobel Prize poet Pablo Neruda, now functions as a museum and offers expansive views of the Pacific. During the 19th century, a large influx of European immigrants left their mark on the city's architecture and cultural institutions. Most of these buildings are around Plaza Sotomayor, located in the center of the city. Due to its architectural wealth developed mainly at the end of the 19th century, 6 in 2003 its historic center was declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco. Many of the neighboring sectors of the port are inaccessible by means of collective transport and the funicular lifts fulfill the task of connecting the upper part of the city with the plan, in addition to being tourist references. The first, which was powered by steam, was built on Cerro Concepción in 1883 and on Cerro Cordillera, in 1887.
Much has been written about what is considered "the most island island", due to its remote location in the Pacific Ocean. The gigantic volcanic stone statues, known as moai, the still undeciphered writing of the Rongo Rongo symbols, and the history of some inhabitants who were about to disappear, have originated the myth of Easter Island. The island was discovered on Easter Sunday in 1722, and taken over by Chile in 1888. Its fame and World Heritage status arise from the 887 extant stone statues known by the name "moai", whose creation is attributed to the early Rapa Nui people who inhabited the island around 300 AD. The moai in the park are of varying height from 2 to 20 meters (6 to 65 ft). The volcanic rock formations quarried for sculpting are a distinctive yellow-brown volcanic tuff found only at the Ranu Raraku on the southeast side of the island. Some of the moai were also carved from red scoria. The ceremonial shrines where they are erected for offering worship are known as "ahu". Of impressive size and form, they are normally built close to the coast and parallel to it.
Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works
The Santiago Humberstone and Santa Laura are two old Saltpeter Works administered by the Corporation Museo del Salitre and declared National Monuments and Cultural Heritage of Humanity. They are located in Pozo Almonte, Tarapacá Region, in Chile. Located 48.1 kilometers east of Iquique city, they are national monuments and, since July 17, 2005, they have been UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Both Saltpeter Works, although originally operated separately, are nowadays the main reflection of the period of splendor and contrasts that the region experienced between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Santa Laura, in its best period, had a population of 425 inhabitants, while Humberstone surpassed 3700 inhabitants. Both Saltpeter Works had theaters, churches, swimming pools, tennis courts, small houses, medical clinics, and bars that guaranteed a “normal” life for the workers and their families beyond the factory.
The Calaveras Festival is one of the most important attractions in Aguascalientes. Year after year, in late October and early November, the city turns into a colorful celebration of the deceased. This colorful Festival arises with the aim of rescuing and preserving the traditions of the Day of the Dead and within its festive framework, it pays tribute to one of the plastic artists with worldwide recognition: José Guadalupe Posada, illustrious engraver and draftsman born in Aguascalientes. Posada is the creator of the "Calavera Garbancera" - which Diego Rivera would later name "La Catrina" -, a figure that adorns this festival and is a symbol of the festive tradition of death in Mexico.