 
 {"id":1334,"date":"2024-05-07T17:54:17","date_gmt":"2024-05-07T17:54:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/?page_id=1334"},"modified":"2024-05-07T19:44:00","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T19:44:00","slug":"treasure-in-desert-mogao-caves","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/treasure-in-desert-mogao-caves\/","title":{"rendered":"Treasure in Desert: Mogao Caves"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\" style=\"min-height:378px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#7d6546\"><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1834\" height=\"784\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1341\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/h1.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/h1.jpg 1834w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/h1-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/h1-1024x438.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/h1-768x328.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/h1-1536x657.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1834px) 100vw, 1834px\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-site-bg-color\">Welcome to Mogao Caves<\/mark><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"color:#a7a8a9\" class=\"has-inline-color\">screenshot from <a href=\"https:\/\/dlc.e-dunhuang.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/dlc.e-dunhuang.com\/\">digital library cave<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>Near a desert in northwest China, there lies a cluster of caves that were relatively unknown. History picked a monk whose accidental discovery unveiled a cave with numerous valuable artefacts, amazing the world&#8230;<br><br>In this exhibit, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>You can explore the Mogao Caves, particularly the murals within the caves, from multiple perspectives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Be aware of the climate challenges that this heritage is facing and the current solutions. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meanwhile, learn from this exhibit and the Dunhuang Academy about the contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:#b2e251\" class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-site-bg-color\"><em> <strong>Explore<\/strong> <\/em><\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"1361\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Mogao_Caves_23603212609-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Mogao_Caves_23603212609-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Mogao_Caves_23603212609-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Mogao_Caves_23603212609-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Mogao_Caves_23603212609-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Mogao_Caves_23603212609.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">image 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"1360\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Mogao_Cave_96_28439101838.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Mogao_Cave_96_28439101838.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Mogao_Cave_96_28439101838-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Mogao_Cave_96_28439101838-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">image 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"710\" data-id=\"1362\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Sodra_grottorna_Mogaogrottorna.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Sodra_grottorna_Mogaogrottorna.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Sodra_grottorna_Mogaogrottorna-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Sodra_grottorna_Mogaogrottorna-768x533.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">image 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/embed?pb=!1m14!1m8!1m3!1d12217.98910036444!2d94.7992861!3d40.0420023!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x37eab7549626a56f%3A0xd0c72a5fbdab67fe!2sMogao%20Caves!5e0!3m2!1sen!2suk!4v1714973849127!5m2!1sen!2suk\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The Mogao Caves is a treasure of world cultural heritages, which has been listed in the World Heritage List of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is located in Dunhuang, a city in the northwest of China, and is famous for the numerous exquisite murals within the caves, with a history spanning thousands of years. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Musical Instruments<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"598\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Dunhuang_Cave_220-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1372\" style=\"width:395px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Dunhuang_Cave_220-1.jpg 443w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Dunhuang_Cave_220-1-222x300.jpg 222w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">mural in <em>cave 220, <strong>pipa<\/strong> (the musical instrument) <\/em><br>image 4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hlRDyJ7TKN0?si=TF7yw4Xg6Fcx_Zpz\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"671\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Western_Wei_Dynasty_in_Feitian_Cave_285-1-1024x671.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Western_Wei_Dynasty_in_Feitian_Cave_285-1-1024x671.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Western_Wei_Dynasty_in_Feitian_Cave_285-1-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Western_Wei_Dynasty_in_Feitian_Cave_285-1-768x503.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Western_Wei_Dynasty_in_Feitian_Cave_285-1.jpg 1075w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">mural in <em>cave 285, <strong>konghou<\/strong> (the musical instrument)<\/em> <br>image 5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3A2zhAyte28?si=DoyReKdsMVPmj89x\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">A Famous Mural Story<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"179\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Cave_257.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1388\" style=\"width:1150px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Cave_257.png 650w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Cave_257-300x83.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>mural in cave 257, describing a story between a nine-colored deer and a farmer.<\/em> <br>image 6<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QleJTcxW_AE?si=_ewfnQ5TC0BL9tiH\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">One day, a beautiful nine-colored deer heard cries for help from a river and found a drowning farmer. Despite the danger, the deer rescued the farmer. The grateful farmer wanted to repay the deer, but it only asked him not to reveal its whereabouts. Later, tempted by the emperor&#8217;s reward, the farmer broke his promise. The emperor, moved by the story of the deer, forbade further harm to it, while the farmer died for breaking his promise.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Bag Style \u2014 Similar to Today?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:54% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"844\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/1714723290613.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1404 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/1714723290613.png 844w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/1714723290613-300x237.png 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/1714723290613-768x607.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 844px) 100vw, 844px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Look at the bag in the right&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Is it very similar to our current crossbody bags?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But it comes from <strong>a thousand years ago<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-dark-bg-color\">(screenshot from <a href=\"https:\/\/dlc.e-dunhuang.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/dlc.e-dunhuang.com\/\">digital library cave<\/a> )<\/mark><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Animals<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Let&#8217;s see what animals are in the murals. Do they look the same as they do now?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"902\" data-id=\"1394\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/cave_257.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/cave_257.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/cave_257-300x264.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/cave_257-768x677.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">cave 257, <strong>deer <\/strong>and<strong> horse<\/strong> <br>image 7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1106\" height=\"680\" data-id=\"1396\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Cave_103._High_Tang_period.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Cave_103._High_Tang_period.jpg 1106w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Cave_103._High_Tang_period-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Cave_103._High_Tang_period-1024x630.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/Cave_103._High_Tang_period-768x472.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1106px) 100vw, 1106px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">cave 103, <strong>white elephant<\/strong> and <strong>horse<\/strong> <br>image 8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons alignwide is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-secondary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/ip.e-dunhuang.com\/special.html?value=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9\u00a4tpage=1&amp;search=all&amp;data_order=all&amp;color=all\"><mark style=\"background-color:#eef3fe\" class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-dark-bg-color\">Click here to find various animals in murals! <\/mark><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">A Game \ud83c\udfae!<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4b2eccd6 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:#ffd900\" class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-dark-bg-color\">Here is a game that serves as a gateway to ancient China.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:#ffd100\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Immerse yourself in the stories of a famous cave!<\/mark><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-default\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/dlc.e-dunhuang.com\/\"><strong><mark style=\"color:#fdcf00\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Click here to play the GAME!<\/mark><\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:#7c98fb\" class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-site-bg-color\"> Climate Challenges <\/mark><\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"269\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/786479678-1024x269.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2157\" style=\"width:1030px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/786479678-1024x269.png 1024w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/786479678-300x79.png 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/786479678-768x202.png 768w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/786479678-1536x403.png 1536w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/786479678.png 1767w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">murals damages <br>image 9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-c-1-color\">1.<\/mark> <strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-c-1-color\">Rainfall<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark style=\"color:#ce9de9\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Direct Impact<\/mark><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rainwater infiltration can leave distinct signs of water in murals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark style=\"color:#ce9de9\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Indirect Impacts<\/mark><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Rainfall can affect the humidity in caves, causing following issues to the murals<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Salt damages<\/strong>: the following short videos can demonstrate the salt damages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Microorganisms hazards<\/strong>: some bacteria can produce some pigments that affect the pigments of murals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Insect<\/strong>: rainfalls can contribute to the insect&#8217;s reproduction, and the insects may leave their excreta on murals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/14tguBMtKlw?si=6YRKC07Iu7HWHAoo\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qeaHVLya-Fk?si=P_xHS4WXnmUiENIz\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-c-1-color\">2. <strong>Wind-borne sand<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Due to the Mogao Caves&#8217; location, they are susceptible to dust storms, which can pose a hazard to the murals. Murals&#8217; pigments can peel off once the accumulation of dust particles reaches a certain degree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-c-1-color\">3. <strong>Flooding<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Painting within the ground level cave&nbsp;was completely lost due to the periodic flooding historically <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Washing away the only road leading to the site<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-c-1-color\">4. <strong>Earthquake<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Murals can be shaken down<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Statues can be smashed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:#f19424\" class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-site-bg-color\"><em>Solutions<\/em> <\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">1. <strong>Digital Preservation<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Dunhuang Academy provides a wealth of digital resources collected through digital collection technologies for the public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-dunhuang.com\/index.htm\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.e-dunhuang.com\/index.htm\">Resource Library<\/a> : Enjoy a panoramic tour of the caves through interactive maps, appreciate sculptures, wall and ceiling murals in dozens of caves, and learn about the history and meaning of these artifacts. Zoom in to explore details of the murals!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ip.e-dunhuang.com\/special.html?value=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9&amp;currentpage=1&amp;search=all&amp;data_order=all&amp;color=all\">Material Pool<\/a>: You can find different categories of elements in the murals such as animals, folk customs, and architecture through high-resolution images. Try to zoom in to explore details of the murals!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>2. Digital<\/strong> <strong>Journey<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark style=\"color:#486aff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Online Experience<\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-28206b41 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-default\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/dlc.e-dunhuang.com\"><mark style=\"color:#ffee2b\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Online Game for Cave 17 (The Library Cave)<\/mark><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dunhuang Academy provides the game. This game can take you back a thousand years, enabling you to explore the ancient past of a famous cave (i.e. cave 17, the library cave) in the Mogao Caves. You will engage in conversations with ancient people and participate in a series of interesting activities such as constructing the cave, transcribing scriptures, and painting murals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Y<\/strong>ou can download these <strong>VR games<\/strong> on<strong> <strong>Steam<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-steampowered wp-block-embed-steampowered\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"embedly-card\" data-card-controls=\"1\" data-card-align=\"center\" data-card-theme=\"light\"><h4><a href=\"https:\/\/store.steampowered.com\/app\/752200\/VR_Dunhuang\">VR Dunhuang on Steam<\/a><\/h4><p>VR Dunhuang is developed with 8 grottoes\uff0cbasically covering all dynasties in the Dunhuang Grottoes. By constantly upgrade VR Dunhuang and optimize the update, there will be gradually more than 700 caves of the Mogao Grottoes, more than 2000 statues, 45,000 square meters murals .<\/p><\/blockquote><script async src=\"\/\/cdn.embedly.com\/widgets\/platform.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-steampowered wp-block-embed-steampowered\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"embedly-card\" data-card-controls=\"1\" data-card-align=\"center\" data-card-theme=\"light\"><h4><a href=\"https:\/\/store.steampowered.com\/app\/947240\/61\">\u795e\u904a\u6566\u714c-\u83ab\u9ad8\u7a9f\u7b2c61\u7a9f on Steam<\/a><\/h4><p>The Dunhuang Grottoes have preserved Chinese art for over 1600 years. When virtually exploring Mogao Cave 61 in this VR content, the viewer can see the digital restoration of the deteriorated murals and the ruined statues.<\/p><\/blockquote><script async src=\"\/\/cdn.embedly.com\/widgets\/platform.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark style=\"color:#486aff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Offline Experience<\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>When you visit the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, you can immerse yourself in Cave 285 through <strong>VR <\/strong>equipment in the <strong>digital exhibition hall<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>3. Digital Technology<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Environmental monitoring <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Dunhuang Academy put some advanced and precise monitoring equipment inside caves to monitor the temperature and humidity. Outside caves, the weather station continuously monitors meteorological information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Algorithm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A digital technology uses a LIBS-based spectral matching algorithm in identifying unknown pigments on real Mogao cave\u2019s mural debris surfaces. This makes important contribution to the conservation and restoration of murals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">4. <strong>Actions<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark style=\"color:#02a2ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Experts and Dunhuang Academy<\/mark><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sand control engineering<\/strong>: solutions to sand-related issues<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Daquan River flood control project<\/strong>: play a role in facing the flooding threat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chemical substances and traps<\/strong>: control the population of the insect that can invade caves<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Appropriate treatments<\/strong>: for removing soluble salts from the composition of murals and the supporting rock, mitigating salt damages<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Visit Capacity Limit<\/strong>: visit diversion specifies the number of visitors per batch and the maximum daily carrying capacity of the heritage site, as well as the tour process for visitors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark style=\"color:#02a2ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Visitor<\/mark> <mark style=\"color:#02a2ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">CAN<\/mark><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Follow the tour process<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Avoid littering<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protect the murals and other artefacts<\/strong>: do not touch or damage them, and avoid taking photos or recording videos in caves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Participate in volunteer activities\uff1a<\/strong>such as narrating the stories of the Mogao Caves, cleaning the heritage site, and assisting with some restoration of artifacts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:#c2d826\" class=\"has-inline-color has-nv-site-bg-color\">Sustainable Development Goals<\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_13Climate.svg_.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2717 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_13Climate.svg_.png 512w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_13Climate.svg_-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_13Climate.svg_-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>This exhibit designs two sections to show various climate challenges threatening the heritage and relevant solutions, aiming to raise public&nbsp;awareness about climate threats and relevant mitigation and adaptation strategies. This aligns with the target 13.3.<\/p>\n<cite><mark style=\"color:#9a9a9a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8220;Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction&nbsp;and early warning&#8221;<\/mark><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_11SustainableCities.svg_.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2718 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_11SustainableCities.svg_.png 512w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_11SustainableCities.svg_-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_11SustainableCities.svg_-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The exhibit presents a series of preservation efforts by the Dunhuang Academy and researchers, focusing on both digital and physical methods. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, the exhibit also lists some reasonable measures that visitors can take, which may inspire viewers to make their own efforts to protect the heritage. <\/p>\n<cite><mark style=\"color:#9a9a9a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8220;Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world\u2019s cultural and natural heritage&#8221;<\/mark><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_04QualityEducation.svg_.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2719 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_04QualityEducation.svg_.png 512w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_04QualityEducation.svg_-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_04QualityEducation.svg_-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Viewers can explore the Mogao Caves from multiple perspectives such as music, animals, and fashion. The online game allows viewers to immersive themselves in stories of a famous cave and learn about the history of the cave. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This can promote&nbsp;people to appreciate the unique culture in a&nbsp;more interactive and interesting way.<\/p>\n<cite><mark style=\"color:#9a9a9a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8220;By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture\u2019s contribution to sustainable development&#8221;<\/mark><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_08DecentWork.svg_.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2716 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_08DecentWork.svg_.png 512w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_08DecentWork.svg_-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/05\/512px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_08DecentWork.svg_-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The sustainable Mogao Caves tourism industry contribute to the development of Dunhuang and to the employment of local residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Local residents: increased local employment and income.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>building hotels, inns, and pubs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>selling souvenirs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dunhuang city: \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>increased international communication and cooperation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>economic growth from converting an agricultural economy to a tourism service economy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<cite><mark style=\"color:#9a9a9a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8220;By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism&nbsp;that(which)&nbsp;creates jobs and promotes local culture and products&nbsp;&#8220;<\/mark><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Images Sources:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>image 1: Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mogao_Caves_(23603212609).jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mogao_Caves_(23603212609).jpg<\/a>  Laika ac from UK, CC BY-SA 2.0 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons, no modification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>image 2: Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mogao_Cave_96_(28439101838).jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mogao_Cave_96_(28439101838).jpg<\/a>  David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC BY 2.0 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons, no modification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>image 3: Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:S%C3%B6dra_grottorna_Mogaogrottorna.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:S%C3%B6dra_grottorna_Mogaogrottorna.jpg<\/a> Bairuilong, CC BY-SA 4.0 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons, no modification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>image 4: Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dunhuang_Cave_220_Pipa.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dunhuang_Cave_220_Pipa.jpg<\/a>  Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>image 5: Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Western_Wei_Dynasty_in_Feitian,_Cave_285,_konghou_player.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Western_Wei_Dynasty_in_Feitian,_Cave_285,_konghou_player.jpg<\/a>  Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>image 6:  Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Deer_King_Jataka_painting,_Mogao_Cave_257_west_wall_center.png\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Deer_King_Jataka_painting,_Mogao_Cave_257_west_wall_center.png<\/a>  \u6566\u714c\u7814\u7a76\u9662, CC BY-SA 4.0 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons, no modification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>image 7: Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nine-colored_deer_jataka._Northern_Wei._Mogao_cave_257.jpg?uselang=en\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nine-colored_deer_jataka._Northern_Wei._Mogao_cave_257.jpg?uselang=en<\/a>  Ismoon (talk) 23:08, 1 February 2020 (UTC), CC BY-SA 4.0 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons, no modification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>image 8: Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Xuanzang_returned_from_India._Dunhuang_mural,_Cave_103._High_Tang_period_(712-765)..jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Xuanzang_returned_from_India._Dunhuang_mural,_Cave_103._High_Tang_period_(712-765)..jpg<\/a>  anonymus, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>image 9: Y. Zhang and Y. Wang, \u201cMaintenance schedule optimization based on distribution characteristics of the extreme temperature and relative humidity of Cave 87 in the Mogao Grottoes,\u201d <em>Herit Sci<\/em>, vol. 11, Aug. 2023, Art. no. 158.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SDG 8 icon: Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_08DecentWork.svg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_08DecentWork.svg<\/a> United Nations, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SDG 11 icon:  Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_11SustainableCities.svg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_11SustainableCities.svg<\/a> United Nations, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SDG 4 icon: Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_04QualityEducation.svg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_04QualityEducation.svg<\/a> United Nations, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SDG 13 icon: Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_13Climate.svg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_13Climate.svg<\/a> United Nations, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>H. Liu, X. Wang, Q. Guo, M. Zhang, and Y. Wang, &#8220;Experimental investigation on the correlation between rainfall infiltration and the deterioration of wall paintings at Mogao Grottoes, China,&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Bull Eng Geol Environ<\/em>, vol. 79, pp. 1199-1207, Apr. 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J. Li <em>et al<\/em>., &#8220;Investigation of the renewed diseases on murals at Mogao Grottoes,&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Herit Sci<\/em>, vol. 1, Oct. 2013, Art. no. 31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>W. Wang <em>et al<\/em>., &#8220;Diversity and seasonal dynamics of airborne bacteria in the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China,&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Aerobiologia<\/em>, vol. 28, pp. 27-38, Mar. 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>W. Zhang <em>et al<\/em>., &#8220;Dynamic processes of dust emission from gobi: A portable wind tunnel study atop the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China,&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Aeolian Research<\/em>, vol. 55, 2022, Art. no. 100784.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L. Wong, B. Su, X. Wang, A. Rava, and N. Agnew, &#8220;Salt-induced flaking of wall paintings at the&nbsp;Mogao Grottoes, China,&#8221;&nbsp;in <em>4th International Conference on Salt Weathering of Buildings and Stone Sculptures<\/em>, 2017, pp. 285-296.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z. Guo, W. Chen, J. Zhang, F. He, Q. Guo, and X. Wang, &#8220;Seismic responses of the densely distributed caves of the Mogao Grottoes in China,&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Bull Eng Geol Environ<\/em>, vol. 80, pp. 1335-1349, Feb. 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xinhua News Agency. &#8221; &#8216;Fly&#8217; and dance with the Dunhuang murals.&#8221; baidu.com. <a href=\"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1789486804500944158&amp;wfr=spider&amp;for=pc\">https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1789486804500944158&amp;wfr=spider&amp;for=pc<\/a> (accessed: May 6, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Y. Li <em>et al.<\/em>, &#8220;The impact of cave opening and closure on murals hygrothermal behavior in Cave 98 of Mogao Caves, China,&#8221; <em>Building and Environment<\/em>, vol. 256, 2024, Art. no. 111502.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Y. Zhang&nbsp;<em>et al.<\/em>, &#8220;Fast identification of mural pigments at Mogao Grottoes using a LIBS-based spectral matching algorithm,&#8221; <em>Plasma Science and&nbsp;Technology<\/em>, vol. 24, no. 8, Jun. 2022, Art. no. 084003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S. Pei and Y. He, &#8220;Study on the Importance of Protecting the Original&nbsp;Artistic Value of the Cultural Heritage of the Mogao&nbsp;Grottoes,&#8221;&nbsp;in <em>4th International Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2020)<\/em>, 2020, pp. 264-268.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>X. Wang, Y. Wang, Q. Guo, Q. Pei, and G. Zhao, &#8220;The history of rescuing reinforcement and the preliminary study of preventive protection system for the cliff of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, China,&#8221;<em>&nbsp;Herit Sci<\/em>, vol. 9, May 2021, Art. no. 58.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Y. Li and X. Wang. &#8220;The modern technology safeguards ancient Dunhuang.&#8221; gmw.cn. <a href=\"https:\/\/shuhua.gmw.cn\/2023-08\/21\/content_36786280.htm\">https:\/\/shuhua.gmw.cn\/2023-08\/21\/content_36786280.htm<\/a> (accessed: May 6, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Q. Liu, Y. Yang, Q. Meng, S. Man, and Y. Wang, &#8220;The Multiple Cooperative Mechanism and Globalization Path of Small Inland Cities in China: A Showcase Study of Dunhuang, China,&#8221; <em>Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health<\/em>, vol. 19, no. 18, Sep. 2022, Art. no. 11241.<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1406-9001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Near a desert in northwest China, there lies a cluster of caves that were relatively unknown. History picked a monk whose accidental discovery unveiled a cave with numerous valuable artefacts, amazing the world&#8230; In this exhibit, Explore Overview The Mogao Caves is a treasure of world cultural heritages, which has been listed in the World&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":125,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":"[]","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1334","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1334","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/125"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1334"}],"version-history":[{"count":242,"href":"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3906,"href":"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1334\/revisions\/3906"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.openvirtualworlds.org\/worldheritage2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}