Dujiangyan Cultural Heritage
The Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project was built in 256 BC by Li Bing, the governor of Shu County during the Warring States period, on the Min River to the west of the city of Dujiangyan in the western part of the Chengdu Plain in Sichuan, 56 km from Chengdu. This large water conservancy project still survives to irrigate the fields and is a great water conservancy project for the benefit of the people. It is characterised by its age and the absence of dams to divert water, and is the originator of the world’s water culture. The project consists of three main parts, namely the Yuzui Diversion Dike, the Feishayan Spillway and the Baobuikou Inlet, as well as ancillary works such as the Baizhang Dike and the Renzhi Dike, which scientifically solved the problems of automatic diversion of river water (the Yuzui Diversion Dike divides water by four or six), automatic sand drainage (the Yuzui Diversion Dike divides sand by two or eight) and control of the inlet flow (the Baobuikou and Feishayan), thus eliminating flooding. , and the irrigated area has reached more than 40 counties. People built a temple in memory of Li Bing, father and son, called the Temple of the Two Kings.
The Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project, a water conservancy wonder of the world
Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project
Jiangyan is located where the Min River enters the alluvial plain from the valley channel and irrigates 10,000 hectares of farmland on the Chengdu Plain east of Gou County. The Minjiang River flows upstream through the steep mountains, and when it reaches the Chengdu Plain, the water suddenly slows down, thus depositing a lot of sediment and rocks and blocking the river. Every year, when the rainy season comes, the Minjiang and other tributaries rise sharply and often become flooded with water; when there is not enough rain, it causes drought. Two or three hundred years before the Dujiangyan was built, King Du Yu of the ancient Shu Kingdom, with his enlightenment as his minister, opened an artificial river at the point where the Min River emerges from the mountains to divide the water from the Min River into the Tuo River to get rid of the water damage.
Risks
Changes in water resources: Climate change is having a major impact on water resources in the Dujiangyan area. A warmer climate may lead to reduced precipitation, straining water supplies. In addition, extreme weather events may lead to a reduction in the quality of water resources, further exacerbating water supply problems.
Measures
Establishment of protected areas: The Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project and the surrounding areas have been designated as protected areas to restrict human activities in order to reduce potential damage to the water conservancy project.
Inspection and maintenance: The Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project is regularly inspected to assess its structural stability and operational safety. In response to the inspection results, repairs and reinforcement are carried out in a timely manner to ensure the normal operation of the project.
Flood prevention measures: Strengthen flood prevention in upstream areas to mitigate the impact of floods on the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project. At the same time, optimise the scheduling of reservoirs and sluices to mitigate the impact of flooding on the downstream areas.
River management: Carry out river management work, dredging, dredging and reinforcing embankments to maintain the normal operation of the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project.
Water resources management: To enhance the rational development, use and protection of water resources to ensure that the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project achieves its maximum benefits.
Climate adaptation and mitigation measures: Implement climate adaptation projects to improve the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project’s ability to adapt to climate change. Also, promote energy-saving and emission reduction technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the impact of climate change on Dujiangyan.
Cultural conservation and promotion: To strengthen the conservation and promotion of the historical and cultural values of the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project and to raise public awareness of the conservation of the water conservancy project.
Cross-sectoral cooperation: Strengthen coordination and cooperation between government departments to form a synergy for the protection of the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project.
(DocuLife)
The Dujiangyan is called a “miracle in the history of water engineering” because of three factors:
(i) The clever use of topography and water potential to divert water without a dam;
(2) The world’s oldest hydraulic project, which is still in operation today;
③ Automatic water regulation, automatic diversion and automatic sand drainage.
Fish Mouth Diversion Dike
“It is located in the centre of the Minjiang River and divides it into two rivers, the inner and outer. The western side is called the outer river, commonly known as the “Golden Horse River”, which is the main stream of the Min River and is mainly used for flooding; the eastern side, along the foot of the mountain, is called the inner river, which is an artificial diversion channel and is mainly used for irrigation.
(The “Science in China” Science Encyclopedia Entry Writing and Application Project)
Fei Sha Weir
(The “Science in China” Science Encyclopedia Entry Writing and Application Project)
“The floodway has the remarkable function of draining sand, so it is also known as the “Flying Sand Weir”. Fisha Weir is one of the three major components of the Dujiangyan, which looks very ordinary but is actually very useful and is a key element in ensuring that the Chengdu Plain is not flooded. The main function of the Feisha Weir is that when the volume of water in the river exceeds the upper limit of the flow of the Baobingkou, the excess water overflows from the Feisha Weir, and in the event of an extraordinary flood, it will break its own banks, allowing a large amount of water to return to the main flow of the Min River. Another function is the ‘flying sand’, as the Minjiang River rushes in from the mountains, carrying a large amount of sediment and rocks, which, if allowed to flow down the river, would block up the Baobei Mouth and the irrigation area. In the old days, the weir was a temporary project built with bamboo cages and pebbles; today it is cast in concrete to ensure its effectiveness once and for all. The automatic release of flood water allows excess water from the inner river to drain into the outer river proper to keep the inner river free from flooding.
Location
Postcode:611830
Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project, Chengdu
China
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